Strategi Kebijakan Penguatan Ekosistem Pariwisata Terintegrasi PascaTambang: Menutup Kesenjangan Warisan Dunia UNESCO dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Sawahlunto
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Abstract
The designation of the Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto (OCMHS) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2019 gave Sawahlunto City a rare tourism asset among post-mining regions, marked by a 505 percent growth in tourist visits over four years. However, the contribution of the accommodation and food-beverage sector to regional GDP has barely shifted, and the estimated economic value added per visit was only around IDR 890 thousand in 2025. This study aims to identify the root cause of the low conversion of world heritage status into community economic welfare, and to formulate policy alternatives to close this gap. The methods used include Urgency-Seriousness-Growth (USG) scoring to prioritize problems, Tourism Value Chain Analysis to map points of economic leakage, SWOT analysis to map internal-external conditions, and Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) based on Dunn’s six criteria to select the best policy alternative. The analysis shows that the primary root cause is limited accommodation investment, which drives the dominance of one-day-trip visit patterns. MCA evaluation of three policy alternatives identifies Integrated Tourism Ecosystem Strengthening as the best policy (score 4.40 of 5), implemented through five pillars: heritage-themed destination development, accelerated amenity and accommodation investment, MSME integration, tourism human resource strengthening, and Pentahelix-based collaborative governance. This study recommends a paradigm shift in regional tourism development from visitor-oriented toward value-oriented tourism development.
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