Publication Ethics based on guidelines from COPE's Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors
Publication decision
The editor is responsible for deciding which articles submitted to the journal should be published. Editors are guided by the journal's chief editor and limited by legal requirements that will apply regarding defamation, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. Editors may confer with other editors or reviewers in making decisions.
Justice
Editors at all times evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to the race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, ethnic origin, nationality, or political philosophy of the authors.
Confidentiality
Editors and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about submitted manuscripts to anyone other than the respective authors, reviewers, other editorial staff, and publishers, as appropriate.
Conflict of interest
Unpublished material disclosed in submitted manuscripts may not be used in an editor's own research without the author's written consent.
Reviewer
Contribution to Editorial Decisions
Reviewers assist editors in making editorial decisions and, through editorial communications with authors, can also assist authors in improving the quality of articles.
Speed
Any selected reviewer who feels unqualified to review an editor's submitted article or finds a speedy review process impossible must notify the editor and decline the review process.
Confidentiality
Every manuscript article received for review must be treated as a confidential document. They may not be shown or discussed with others except as permitted by the editors.
The review of objectivity standards must be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is not permitted. Reviewers must express their views clearly with supporting arguments.
Source Acknowledgment
Reviewers must identify relevant published works that have not been published by other authors. Any statement that the observations, derivations, or arguments have been previously reported must be accompanied by a relevant citation. Reviewers should also bring to the editor's attention any substantial similarities or overlaps between the manuscript under consideration and other published manuscripts of which they are personally aware.
Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal gain. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have a conflict of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions associated with the paper.
Author assignment
Reporting standards
Authors of original research reports must present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. The underlying data must be accurately represented in the manuscript. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to enable others to replicate the work. Statements that are deceptive or intentionally inaccurate constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.
Originality and plagiarism
Authors should ensure that they have written entirely original work, and if they have used the work or words of others, these have been properly cited or quoted.
Multiple, redundant, or simultaneous publication
An author may not generally publish manuscripts describing substantially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously is unethical and unacceptable publishing behavior.
Source Acknowledgment
Proper acknowledgement of the work of others should always be given. Authors should cite influential publications in determining the nature of the work reported.
Author
Writing should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, conduct, or interpretation of the study being reported. Everyone who has made a significant contribution should be listed as a co-author. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they must be acknowledged or listed as contributors.
Corresponding authors must ensure that all suitable co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included on the paper and that all co-authors have viewed and approved the final version of the paper and have approved its submission for publication.
Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
All authors must disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project must be disclosed.
Fundamental errors in published works
When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his published work, it is the author's obligation to immediately notify the editor of the journal or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.